Optimal Facility Allocation and Determination of Demand Response Participation Rate Considering Uncertainties in Power Systems

摘要

It is necessary to install a large number of renewable energy (RE) systems such as photovoltaic systems (PVs) to solve environmental problems. However, an electricity grid with RE systems experiences problems such as power shortages and surpluses because of uncertainties in generating outputs. Demand response (DR) can restrain both shortages and surpluses caused by PV outputs, but also increase power shortages and surpluses due to the uncertainties in DR capabilities. This research employs energy storage systems (ESSs) to reduce both power shortages and surpluses, and rate to minimize the number of installed ESSs, as they are very costly. To solve this optimization problem, we propose "slow" and "fast" ESSs, which can quantify the impacts of the increase in participants of the DR. As a result, this study demonstrates that an optimal allocation of PVs and ESSs can be achieved that enables the minimization of installed ESSs, satisfies the PVs installation uncertainties of PV outputs and DR capabilities. Moreover, the DR participation rate is determined in the same optimization problem.