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Study of Fe(Ⅱ) sulphides in waterlogged archaeological wood

机译:淹水考古木材中Fe(Ⅱ)硫化物的研究

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Wet organic archaeological materials extracted from seawater may suffer damage as a result of degradation influenced by micro-organisms. One of the most common phenomena is indirectly induced by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Due to their metabolic activity in anoxic conditions, SRB generate hydrogen sulphide from sulphate ions present in seawater. When steel items are in contact with organic matter in presence of sulphides, corrosion of the metal leads to the precipitation of Fe(Ⅱ) sulphides. These phases are responsible for dramatic post-excavation damage: their oxidation during storage or exhibition in museums leads to the formation of voluminous crystals, which may cause cracking and crumbling, and lead to the production of sulphuric acid. In order to characterize Fe(Ⅱ) sulphides and their by-products, 13 waterlogged samples were analysed by environmental scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Experiments were performed on untreated wood fragments, on a fragment of rope, and on mineral concretions scratched from the surface of wood remains, all extracted from different shipwrecks. Mackinawite was detected inside the fragments and between the fibres of the rope. Greigite was detected in scattered locations. Pyrite and sulphated phases, like gypsum and iron sulphates, were identified at the surface of the wood fragments and in the mineral concretions.
机译:从海水中提取的湿有机考古材料可能会由于微生物的降解而遭受破坏。最常见的现象之一是硫酸盐还原细菌(SRB)间接引起的。由于它们在缺氧条件下的代谢活性,SRB从海水中存在的硫酸根离子产生硫化氢。当钢材在硫化物的存在下与有机物接触时,金属的腐蚀会导致Fe(Ⅱ)硫化物的沉淀。这些阶段造成了重大的开挖后破坏:在博物馆的存放或展览期间,它们的氧化导致大量晶体的形成,这可能会导致龟裂和粉碎,并导致产生硫酸。为了表征Fe(Ⅱ)硫化物及其副产物,通过环境扫描电子显微镜,显微拉曼光谱和X射线衍射对13个浸水样品进行了分析。对未经处理的木材碎片,绳索碎片以及从木材残骸表面刮下的矿物凝结物进行了实验,这些都是从不同的沉船中提取的。在碎片的内部和绳索的纤维之间检测到了Mackinawite。在分散的位置检测到了Greigite。硫铁矿和硫酸盐相,如石膏和硫酸铁,在木材碎片的表面和矿物质中被发现。

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