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The ethnic migrant inventor effect: Codification and recombination of knowledge across borders

机译:移民民族发明者的作用:跨界知识的编纂和重组

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Research Summary Ethnic migrant inventors may differ from locals in terms of the knowledge they bring to host firms. Using a unique dataset of Chinese and Indian herbal patents filed in the United States, we find that an increase in the supply of first-generation ethnic migrant inventors increases the rate of codification of herbal knowledge at U.S. assignees by 4.5%. Our identification comes from an exogenous shock to the quota of H1B visas and from a list of entities exempted from the shock. We also find that ethnic migrant inventors are more likely to engage in reuse of knowledge previously locked within the cultural context of their home regions, whereas knowledge recombination is more likely to be pursued by teams comprising inventors from other ethnic backgrounds. Managerial Summary Managers and policy makers around the world face a vigorous debate on whether to hire skilled migrants or hire locals. We argue that if western firms stop hiring ethnic migrants, innovation at these firms would suffer in two ways: knowledge transfer and knowledge recombination would both be impeded. We argue and show that skilled ethnic migrants bring to their employers, unique knowledge from the cultural context of their host country. Also, local inventors engage in "knowledge recombination" by combining their existing knowledge to knowledge transferred by migrants. Our empirical results relate to the patenting of Chinese and Indian herbal formulations at western pharmaceutical firms before and after an immigration shock related to the admittance of skilled migrants from these two countries.
机译:研究摘要种族移民发明者在为托管公司带来的知识方面可能与当地人有所不同。使用在美国提交的独特的中国和印度草药专利数据集,我们发现第一代少数民族移民发明者的供应增加使美国受让人中草药知识的编纂率提高了4.5%。我们的识别来自对H1B签证配额的外来冲击,以及来自不受冲击的实体的列表。我们还发现,少数民族移民的发明者更有可能参与先前锁定在其本国文化背景下的知识的重用,而知识重组则更有可能由来自其他种族背景的发明者组成的团队追求。管理摘要世界各地的经理和政策制定者都在激烈争论是否雇用技术移民或雇用当地人的问题上。我们认为,如果西方公司停止雇用少数民族移民,这些公司的创新将遭受两种方式的损害:知识转移和知识重组都将受到阻碍。我们争论并表明,熟练的种族移民为他们的雇主带来了来自其所在国文化背景的独特知识。同样,当地发明家通过将其现有知识与移民所转移的知识相结合来进行“知识重组”。我们的经验结果涉及在与来自这两个国家的技术移民的入境有关的移民冲击前后,西方制药公司对中草药和印度草药配方申请了专利。

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