分光装置の原理と実際Ⅵ．分光に用いる光検出器

摘要

Spectroscopy is a method to determine characteristics of a sample, by using an interaction of photons with the sample. In spectroscopy, key components are a light source to irradiate photons to a sample, a grating to select wavelength of photons, and a photon sensor to detect photons for analysis. In this report, operational principles and performance of photon sensors are described. Optical semiconductor devices consisting of silicon or compound semiconductor materials are explained in detail, as a single-pixel or a multi-pixel detector. In addition, pho-tomultipliers to achieve extremely high gain by secondary electron multiplication are described to detect single photons for spectroscopy.%物質は光を反射し，吸収し，また散乱する．ときには光rnで励起され蛍光を発する．このように光は物質と相互作用rnするが，その相互作用は物質固有であり，特定の波長で特rn異的に起こることが多い．分光分析は光と物質の相互作用rnを利用して，試料の種類や量を定性的，あるいは定量的にrn決める手法と言える．