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Contesting Politics as Usual: Black Social Movements, Globalization, and Race Policy in Latin America

机译:像往常一样挑战政治:黑人社会运动,全球化和拉丁美洲的种族政策

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The intensification of ethno-racial protest in Latin America has led to the adoption of targeted legislation for Black and indigenous populations, signaling a new moment in race politics in this region. Existing literature has failed to account for this shift either because it held that race was not salient in Latin America, or it presumed that racial hierarchy existed, but that the obstacles to Black mobilization were insurmountable. We argue the literature must contend with this new reality of what we call “Black politics” in Latin America. While impediments to race-based mobilization, which are rooted in color-blind nationalism, the fluidity of identity, and poverty, do in fact exist, we argue that Black social movement organizations have overcome some of these obstacles. We examine the development of Black social movements in a number of Latin American countries, focusing specifically on the political contexts in which they emerge, their articulation, the nature of their claims, and measures of their effectiveness. We argue that despite many obstacles to Black mobilization in Latin America, Black organizations are beginning to constitute viable political interest groups. In all of the cases that we analyze, we find that Black social movement organizations have been effective not only in bringing about symbolic and material policy changes, but have also shaken national ideologies of mestizaje and racial democracy. We also contend that while Black social movements in Latin America are very much rooted in domestic politics, transnational networks and international institutions are central to the articulation and effectiveness of these movements.
机译:拉丁美洲种族种族抗议活动的加剧导致针对黑人和土著居民的针对性立法的通过,这标志着该地区种族政治的新时刻。现有的文献未能解释这种转变,要么是因为它认为种族在拉丁美洲并不重要,要么是因为认为种族等级存在,但是黑人动员的障碍是无法克服的。我们认为,文献必须与拉丁美洲所谓的“黑人政治”这一新现实相抗衡。尽管事实上存在色盲民族主义,身份的流动性和贫困等基于种族的动员障碍,但我们认为黑人社会运动组织已经克服了其中一些障碍。我们考察了许多拉丁美洲国家中黑人社会运动的发展,特别关注了黑人社会运动产生的政治背景,表达方式,主张的性质以及效力的衡量标准。我们认为,尽管拉丁美洲动员了许多障碍,但黑人组织已开始构成可行的政治利益集团。在我们分析的所有案例中,我们发现黑人社会运动组织不仅有效地实现了象征性和实质性的政策变化,而且动摇了民族迷信和种族民主的意识形态。我们还认为,尽管拉丁美洲的黑人社会运动非常扎根于国内政治,但跨国网络和国际机构对于这些运动的表达和效力至关重要。

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