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Multidimensional model to correct PV device performance measurements taken under diffuse irradiation to reference conditions

机译:多维模型可校正在漫反射下参考条件下进行的PV器件性能测量

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In the domain of solar irradiance measurements, a wide range of irradiation conditions exist in indoor and outdoor environments. While the primary calibration of reference solar irradiance detectors is usually performed using only direct irradiance, secondary calibrations are conducted with a diffuse incident irradiance component. If the optical detector properties vary between the reference and the device under test, spectral and angular dependencies of incident irradiance and the detectors' responsivities may result in a mismatch when referring to defined reference conditions. This becomes particularly significant when photovoltaic (PV) devices are measured under global natural sunlight. In the field of PV metrology, diffuse solar irradiance is commonly considered to be isotropic, which is generally not the case. In this work, we present a novel multidimensional model that introduces spectral-angular effects to this field, with a focus on quantifying their impact on high-accuracy device calibration. Our enhanced approach allows anisotropic solar spectral radiance to be considered for any device orientation, including spectrally resolved ground reflections. To account for these effects, we consider both the spectral radiance of the source and the angular dependent spectral responsivities of the detectors. Angular mismatches of more than 1% were found for the examples investigated. This allowed detailed studies to be carried out on the impact of the detectors' optical losses and on the resulting mismatch of spectral and angular properties. Our model allows the spectral and angular effects to be determined and corrected, resulting in the measurement uncertainties for high-accuracy outdoor measurements decreasing significantly. It can be also used in other areas of photometric and radiometric applications, where a wide range of irradiance characteristics have an effect on measurements. As a consequence of this study, we propose assigning a directional property to the reference condition defined in international standards (i.e., direct beam only).
机译:在太阳辐照度测量领域,室内和室外环境中存在广泛的辐照条件。虽然通常仅使用直接辐照度来执行参考太阳辐照度检测器的一次校准,但是第二次校准是使用漫射入射辐照度分量进行的。如果光学检测器的特性在参考和被测设备之间发生变化,则在参考定义的参考条件时,入射辐照度的光谱和角度依赖性以及检测器的响应度可能会导致不匹配。当在自然光下测量光伏(PV)设备时,这一点尤为重要。在光伏计量领域,通常认为漫射太阳辐射是各向同性的,通常情况并非如此。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个新颖的多维模型,该模型将光谱角效应引入该领域,重点是量化其对高精度设备校准的影响。我们的增强方法允许针对任何设备方向(包括光谱解析的地面反射)考虑各向异性的太阳光谱辐射。为了解决这些影响,我们同时考虑了源的光谱辐射度和检测器的角度相关光谱响应度。对于所研究的示例,发现角度不匹配超过1%。这样就可以对探测器的光学损耗的影响以及由此产生的光谱和角度特性的不匹配进行详细的研究。我们的模型允许确定和校正光谱和角度影响,从而导致高精度户外测量的测量不确定性大大降低。它也可以用于光度和辐射度应用的其他领域,在这些领域中,广泛的辐照度特性会影响测量。这项研究的结果是,我们建议将方向性分配给国际标准中定义的参考条件(即仅直接光束)。

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