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Preface

机译:前言

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摘要

By definition, engineering is the profession engaged in "the application of science for directly useful purposes, such as construction, propulsion, communication or manufacture"''(Oxford 2002). The engineering fields have for the past three centuries adopted scientific understanding and discovery from many of the natural sciences including physics and chemistry. Consider the case of sensors; some of our oldest sensor concepts are derived from the laws of physics. For example, force-balanced accelerometers use inertial masses coupled with electrical feedback circuits to measure acceleration. In the late 1970's, a complete paradigm shift emerged within engineering due to the emergence of miniaturization technologies based on integrated circuit technology. For example, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors were possible due to the field of chemistry. The one field of science that remains comparatively unexplored for the development of sensors and actuators is biology.
机译:按照定义,工程学是从事“将科学用于直接有用的目的,例如建筑,推进,通信或制造”的职业(Oxford 2002)。在过去的三个世纪中,工程领域采用了包括物理学和化学在内的许多自然科学的科学理解和发现。考虑传感器的情况;我们一些最古老的传感器概念源自物理定律。例如,力平衡加速度计使用惯性质量和电反馈电路来测量加速度。 1970年代后期,由于基于集成电路技术的小型化技术的出现,工程学中出现了一个完整的范式转换。例如,由于化学领域的原因,微机电系统(MEMS)传感器是可能的。对于传感器和执行器的发展,科学领域仍相对未开发。

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