When I was president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, I came to believe that the future success of humanity may depend on learning to use the tools of science-including the collection of objective evidence on what works and why-at all levels of decision-making. Thus, the National Academies have repeatedly addressed questions such as "How can we make a science out of education?" or "How can we make a science out of sustainable development?" Developing a sound platform of knowledge to address such critical issues will require harnessing research of the highest quality, both in the natural and social sciences. And for this research to be effective, scientists will need to develop much deeper connections with the rest of society.
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