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Naphthenic acids and other acid-extractables in water samples from Alberta: What is being measured?

机译:亚伯达省水样中的环烷酸和其他酸可萃取物:正在测量什么?

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There is increasing international interest in naphthenic acids (NAs, classical formula C_nH_(2n+z)O_2) found in the oil sands from Alberta, Canada and in petroleum from around the world. The complexity of NAs poses major analytical challenges for their quantification and characterization. We used ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR MS) to probe the make up of NAs from various sources by searching for peaks corresponding to the formula C_nH_(2n+z)O_x for combinations of n = 8 to 30, Z = 0 to-12, and x = 2 to 5. The sources included three commercial NAs preparations, and the acid-extractable organics from eight oil sand process-affected waters (OSPW) and from six surface fresh waters. Extracts from OSPW contained between 1 and 7% sulfur. The mass spectra showed between 300 and 1880 peaks, with >99% of the peaks having m/z between 145 and 600. In most cases, <20% of the peaks were assigned as classical NAs (x = 2) and oxy-NAs (x = 3 to 5). The classical NAs from the OSPW were predominantly Z= -4 and -6, whereas those from the fresh waters were mainly Z = 0, with palmitic and stearic acids being the major components in the fresh waters. Remarkably, when the peak abundances were considered, <50% of the total abundance could be assigned to the classical and oxy-NAs. Thus, >50% of the compounds in the extracts of OSPW were not "naphthenic acids". Based on these findings, it appears that the term "naphthenic acids", which has been used to describe the toxic extractable compounds in OSPW, should be replaced by a term such as "oil sands tailings water acid-extractable organics (OSTWAEO)". Classical and oxy-NAs are components of OSTWAEO, but this term would not be as misleading as "naphthenic acids".
机译:在来自加拿大艾伯塔省的油砂和来自世界各地的石油中发现的环烷酸(NAs,经典公式C_nH_(2n + z)O_2)的国际关注度日益提高。 NA的复杂性对其定量和表征提出了重大的分析挑战。我们使用超高分辨率电喷雾电离傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(ESI-FT-ICR MS),通过搜索与公式C_nH_(2n + z)O_x对应的峰来寻找n的组合,从而探测各种来源的NAs = 8到30,Z = 0到12,x = 2到5。来源包括三种商业化的NAs制剂,以及八种受油砂加工影响的水(OSPW)和六种地表淡水的可酸提取的有机物。 。 OSPW的提取物中含有1至7%的硫。质谱显示300至1880个峰,其中> 99%的峰的m / z在145至600之间。在大多数情况下,<20%的峰被指定为经典NA(x = 2)和oxy-NA (x = 3至5)。来自OSPW的经典NAs主要为Z = -4和-6,而来自淡水的经典NAs主要为Z = 0,其中棕榈酸和硬脂酸是淡水的主要成分。值得注意的是,当考虑峰丰度时,可以将总丰度的<50%分配给经典NA和氧基NA。因此,OSPW提取物中> 50%的化合物不是“环烷酸”。基于这些发现,似乎已经用术语“环烷酸”来描述OSPW中的有毒可萃取化合物,应改为“油砂尾渣水可酸萃取的有机物(OSTWAEO)”。经典和氧基NA是OSTWAEO的组成部分,但该术语不会像“环烷酸”那样容易引起误解。

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