首页> 外文期刊>Science of the total environment >Exposure matrices of endotoxin, (1→3)-β-D-glucan, fungi, and dust mite allergens in flood-affected homes of New Orleans
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Exposure matrices of endotoxin, (1→3)-β-D-glucan, fungi, and dust mite allergens in flood-affected homes of New Orleans

机译:新奥尔良受洪水影响的房屋中内毒素,(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖,真菌和尘螨过敏原的暴露矩阵

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摘要

This study examined: (i) biocontaminant levels in flooded homes of New Orleans two years after the flooding; (ii) seasonal changes in biocontaminant levels, and (iii) correlations between biocontaminant levels obtained by different environmental monitoring methods. Endotoxin, (1→3)-β-glucan, fungal spores, and dust mite allergens were measured in 35 homes during summer and winter. A combination of dust sampling, aerosolization-based microbial source assessment, and long-term inhalable bioaerosol sampling aided in understanding exposure matrices. On average, endotoxin found in the aerosolized fraction accounted for <2% of that measured in the floor dust, suggesting that vacuuming could overestimate inhalation exposures. In contrast, the (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels in the floor dust and aerosolized fractions were mostly comparable, and 25% of the homes showed aerosolizable levels even higher than the dust-borne levels. The seasonal patterns for endotoxin in dust and the aerosolizable fraction were different from those found for (1→3)-β-D-glucan, reflecting the temperature and humidity effects on bacterial and fungal contamination. While the concentration of airborne endotoxin followed the same seasonal trend as endotoxin aerosolized from surfaces, no significant seasonal difference was identified for the concentrations of airborne (1→3)-β-D-glucan and fungal spores. This was attributed to the difference in the particle size; smaller endotoxin-containing particles can remain airborne for longer time than larger fungal spores or (1 →3)-β-D-glucan-containing particles. It is also possible that fungal aerosolization in home environments did not reach its full potential. Detectable dust mite allergens were found only in dust samples, and more commonly in occupied homes. Levels of endotoxin, (1→3)-β-glucan, and fungi in air had decreased during the two-year period following the flooding as compared to immediate measurements; however, the dust-borne endotoxin and (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels remained elevated. No conclusive correlations were found between the three environmental monitoring methods. The findings support the use of multiple methods when assessing exposure to microbial contaminants.
机译:这项研究检查了:(i)洪水发生两年后新奥尔良被洪水淹没的房屋中的生物污染物水平; (ii)生物污染物水平的季节性变化,以及(iii)通过不同环境监测方法获得的生物污染物水平之间的相关性。在夏季和冬季,在35个家庭中测量了内毒素,(1→3)-β-葡聚糖,真菌孢子和尘螨过敏原。灰尘采样,基于雾化的微生物源评估以及长期可吸入生物气溶胶采样的组合有助于理解暴露矩阵。平均而言,雾化部分中发现的内毒素占地板粉尘中的<2%,这表明吸尘可能高估了吸入暴露量。相比之下,地板粉尘和雾化部分中的(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖含量基本可比,并且25%的房屋显示可雾化水平甚至高于粉尘传播水平。灰尘中的内毒素和可雾化部分的季节变化规律与(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖的变化规律不同,反映出温度和湿度对细菌和真菌污染的影响。尽管空气中内毒素的浓度与从表面雾化的内毒素具有相同的季节性趋势,但空气中(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖和真菌孢子的浓度没有发现明显的季节性差异。这归因于颗粒大小的差异。较小的含内毒素的颗粒比较大的真菌孢子或含(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖的颗粒在空气中的传播时间更长。家庭环境中的真菌雾化还可能无法发挥其全部潜力。仅在灰尘样品中发现可检测到的尘螨过敏原,在居住的房屋中更常见。与立即测量相比,淹没后的两年内空气中的内毒素,(1→3)-β-葡聚糖和真菌的水平降低了;然而,尘埃传播的内毒素和(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖的含量仍然升高。三种环境监测方法之间未发现结论性相关性。这些发现支持在评估微生物污染物暴露时使用多种方法。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Science of the total environment》 |2010年第22期|p.5489-5498|共10页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;

    Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA;

    Center for Health-Related Aerosol Studies, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670056, 3223 Eden Avenue,Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    flood-affected homes; bioaerosols; molds; endotoxin; (1→3)-β-d-glucan; allergen;

    机译:受洪水影响的房屋;生物气溶胶模具内毒素(1→3)-β-d-葡聚糖;过敏原;
  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 13:56:27

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