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Water body and riparian buffer strip characteristics in a vineyard area to support aquatic pesticide exposure assessment

机译:葡萄园区域水体和河岸缓冲带的特征,以支持水生农药暴露评估

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The implementation of a geodata-based probabilistic pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in Germany offers the opportunity to base the exposure estimation on more differentiated assumptions including detailed landscape characteristics. Since these characteristics can only be estimated using field surveys, water body width and depth, hydrology, riparian buffer strip width, ground vegetation cover, existence of concentrated flow paths, and riparian vegetation were characterised at 104 water body segments in the vineyard region Palatinate (south-west Germany). Water body segments classified as permanent (n = 43) had median values of water body width and depth of 0.9 m and 0.06 m, respectively, and the determined median width:depth ratio was 15. Thus, the deterministic water body model (width = 1 m; depth = 0.3 m) assumed in regulatory exposure assessment seems unsuitable for small water bodies in the study area. Only 25% of investigated buffer strips had a dense vegetation cover (>70%) and allow a laminar sheet flow as required to include them as an effective pesticide runoff reduction landscape characteristic. At 77 buffer strips, bordering field paths and erosion rills leading into the water body were present, concentrating pesticide runoff and consequently decreasing buffer strip efficiency. The vegetation type shrubbery (height> 1.5 m) was present at 57 (29%) investigated riparian buffer strips. According to their median optical vegetation density of 75%, shrubberies may provide a spray drift reduction of 72 ± 29%. Implementing detailed knowledge in an overall assessment revealed that exposure via drift might be 2.4 and via runoff up to 1.6 fold higher than assumed by the deterministic approach. Furthermore, considering vegetated buffer strips only by their width leads to an underestimation of exposure by a factor of as much as four. Our data highlight that the deterministic model assumptions neither represent worst-case nor median values and therefore cannot simply be adopted in a probabilistic approach.
机译:在德国实施基于地理数据的农药对地表水的概率性暴露评估,为基于更细微的假设(包括详细的景观特征)进行暴露估计提供了机会。由于只能通过野外调查来估算这些特征,因此在普法尔茨(Palatinate)葡萄园区的104个水体段中,对水体宽度和深度,水文学,河岸缓冲带宽度,地面植被覆盖度,集中流动路径的存在和河岸植被进行了特征描述(德国西南)。分类为永久性的水体段(n = 43)的水体宽度和深度的中值分别为0.9 m和0.06 m,确定的中值宽度与深度之比为15。因此,确定性水体模型(宽度= 1 m;深度= 0.3 m)在监管性暴露评估中假设不适合研究区域中的小型水体。只有25%的调查缓冲带具有茂密的植被覆盖度(> 70%),并允许层流流动,以将其包括为有效的减少农药径流景观特征。在77条缓冲带上,存在着通往水体的临近田间路径和侵蚀小溪,从而使农药径流集中,从而降低了缓冲带的效率。植被类型的灌木丛(高度> 1.5 m)存在于调查过的河岸缓冲带上的57条(29%)。根据灌木丛的中位数光学植被密度为75%,灌木丛可减少72±29%的喷雾漂移。在总体评估中运用详细知识后发现,与确定性方法相比,通过漂移的暴露可能是2.4,通过径流的暴露可能高1.6倍。此外,仅考虑植物缓冲带的宽度会导致曝光低估多达四倍。我们的数据强调,确定性模型假设既不代表最坏情况也不代表中值,因此不能简单地采用概率方法。

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