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Sources, lability and solubility of Pb in alluvial soils of the River Trent catchment, U.K.

机译:英国特伦特河集水区冲积土壤中铅的来源,不稳定性和溶解性

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Alluvial soils are reservoirs of metal contaminants such as Pb that originate from many different sources and are integrated temporally and spatially through erosional and depositional processes. In this study the source, lability and solubility of Pb were examined in a range of alluvial soils from the middle and lower River Trent and its tributary the River Dove using Pb isotope apportionment and isotopic dilution. All samples were collected within 10 m of the river bank to represent the soil that is most likely to be remobilised during bank erosion. Paired samples were taken from the topsoil (0-15 cm) and subsoil (35-50 cm) to assess differences with depth. Lead concentrations in soil ranged from 43 to 1282 mg/kg. The lability of soil Pb varied between 9 and 56% of total metal concentration whilst Pb concentrations in pore water varied between 0.2 and 6.5 ug/L. There was little difference in the % Pb lability between paired top and sub soils, possibly because soil characteristics such as pH, iron oxides and clay content were generally similar; a result of the recycling of eroded and deposited soils within the river system. Soil pH was found to be negatively correlated with % Pb lability. Source apportionment using ~(206)Pb/~(207)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(207)Pb ratios showed that the isotopic ratios of Pb in the total, labile and solution pools fitted along a mixing line between Broken Hill Type ('BHT') Pb, used as an additive in UK petrol, and the local coal/Southern Pennine ore Pb. Various anomalies were found in the Pb isotopes of the bankside alluvial soils which were explained by point source pollution. Statistically significant differences were found between (i) the isotopic composition of Pb in the total soil pool and the labile/solution pools and (ii) the isotopic composition of Pb in the labile and solution pools, suggesting an enrichment of recent non-Pennine sources of Pb entering the soils in the labile and solution pools.
机译:冲积土是金属污染物(如Pb)的储存库,这些污染物来自许多不同的来源,并通过侵蚀和沉积过程在时间和空间上整合在一起。在这项研究中,使用铅同位素分摊法和同位素稀释法,在特伦特河中下游和支流多芬河的一系列冲积土壤中研究了铅的来源,不稳定性和溶解性。所有样本均在河岸10 m内收集,以代表在河岸侵蚀期间最有可能迁移的土壤。从表层土壤(0-15厘米)和地下土壤(35-50厘米)中获取配对样品,以评估深度差异。土壤中的铅浓度范围为43至1282 mg / kg。土壤铅的不稳定性在总金属浓度的9%至56%之间变化,而孔隙水中铅的浓度在0.2至6.5 ug / L之间变化。成对的表层土壤和下层土壤之间的%Pb稳定性差异不大,这可能是因为土壤特性(例如pH,氧化铁和粘土含量)通常相似;河道系统中被侵蚀和沉积的土壤被回收利用的结果。发现土壤pH与%铅稳定性呈负相关。使用〜(206)Pb /〜(207)Pb和〜(208)Pb /〜(207)Pb比率进行的源分配显示,总铅,不稳定铅和溶液池中铅的同位素比值沿着破碎山之间的混合线拟合类型('BHT')铅,用作英国汽油的添加剂,以及当地的煤/南彭宁矿的铅。在河岸冲积土壤的铅同位素中发现了各种异常,这可以通过点源污染来解释。在(i)总土壤库和不稳定/溶液库中的Pb同位素组成与(ii)在不稳定和溶液库中的Pb同位素组成之间发现了统计学上的显着差异,表明最近的非Penenine来源富集铅进入不稳定和溶液池中的土壤。

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