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Boron accumulation by maize grown in acidic soil amended with coal Jocombustion productsApproximating the domains of functional and imperative programs

机译:在酸性土壤中生长的玉米对硼的积累,并用煤燃烧产物修正了该近似值

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Coal combustion products (CCPs) have potential for use as soil amendments on acidic soils. One concern for plants grown on acidic soils amended with CCPs is boron (B) toxicity, since many CCPs contain considerable B. Maize (Zea l)Ia)'s L.) was grown (greenhouse) on acidic soil [Umbric Dystrocept, pH 3.9 (l soil f l l0 l)IM CaCl2)] amended with l5 CCPs [two fly ashes (FAs), three fluidized bed combustion products (FBCs), one calcium (Ca) oxide (CaO) material, six high Ca sulfite (CaSO3) flue gas desulfurization products (FGDs), and three high Ca sulfate (CaSO4) FGDs] at different levels to determine accumulation of B in shoots. Plants were also grown in soil amended with Ca carbonate (CaCO3, lime) and chemical grade CaSO4 and CaSO3 as controls. Among the CCPs tested, FAs contained the highest B levels. Shoot B concentrations were as high as 500 mg kg-- l without reductions in dry matter (DM) for plants grown on soil amended with one FA. Plants grown with one FBC had sufficient B to suspect potential B toxicity, and plant DM was greatly reduced or died when grown with > 0.5/100 of this material. Relatively high shoot B concentrations werc noted in plants grown with the highest levels of high CaSO1 FGDs. High shoot B concentrations (--300 mg kgu l ) were noted for plants grown with > 5 levels of one high CaSO4 FGD, and DM declined after reaching these levels. Plants grown on soil amended with CaO had low shoot B. Some of the CCPs used in this study contained sufficient B to potentially induce B toxicity in plants grown on the acidic soil amended with the various CCPs. Maize gThis paper deals with automated termination analysis of partial functional programs, that is, of functional programs which do not terminate for some input. We present a method to determine their domains (respectively non-trivial subsets of their domains) automatically. More precisely, for each functional program a termination predicate algorithm is synthesized that only returns true for inputs where the program is terminating. To ease subsequent reasoning about the gener- ated termination predicates we also present a procedure for their simplification. Finally, we show that our method can also be used for automated termination analysis of imperative programs.
机译:燃煤产品(CCP)有潜力用作酸性土壤的土壤改良剂。在用CCPs修饰过的酸性土壤上生长的植物所关注的一个问题是硼(B)的毒性,因为许多CCP都含有大量的B.玉米(Zea l)Ia)的L.)是在酸性土壤[Umbric Dystrocept,pH 3.9(l土壤fl10 l)IM CaCl2)]修改为15个CCPs [两个粉煤灰(FAs),三种流化床燃烧产物(FBC),一种氧化钙(CaO)材料,六种高亚硫酸钙(CaSO3 )烟气脱硫产物(FGDs)和三种高硫酸钙(CaSO4)FGDs]含量的不同,以确定芽中B的积累。植物也生长在用碳酸钙(CaCO3,石灰)和化学级CaSO4和CaSO3改良的土壤中作为对照。在测试的CCP中,FA的B含量最高。在用一种FA改良的土壤上生长的植物,芽B的浓度高达500 mg kg-1,而干物质(DM)却没有减少。用一种FBC生长的植物具有足够的B,以怀疑具有潜在的B毒性,并且当该物质> 0.5 / 100时,其DM会大大降低或死亡。在高CaSO1 FGD含量最高的植物中发现,芽B的相对浓度较高。对于生长水平> 5的一种高CaSO4 FGD的植物,其芽B浓度较高(--300 mg kgu l),并且在达到这些水平后DM下降。在用CaO修饰的土壤上生长的植物的芽B较低。在本研究中使用的某些CCP含有足够的B,以潜在地在用各种CCP修饰的酸性土壤上生长的植物中诱发B毒性。本文讨论了部分功能程序的自动终止分析,即对某些输入不会终止的功能程序。我们提出了一种自动确定其域(分别是其域的非平凡子集)的方法。更精确地,对于每个功能程序,将合成终止谓词算法,该算法仅对于程序终止的输入返回true。为了简化有关生成的终止谓词的后续推理,我们还提供了简化它们的过程。最后,我们证明了我们的方法也可以用于命令式程序的自动终止分析。

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