霧島神宮の塗装部位から分離された糸状菌の諸性質

摘要

Many historic and culturally important objects are at risk of bio-deterioration. Especially, organic materials such as paper, wood and animal glue are often used as traditional materials and are, in general, more easily damaged by microorganisms than inorganic or artificial materials. In case of the microbial deterioration of wall coating materials with animal glue used at Kirishima Shrine, rapid fungal growth was found over a wide area within a few months after coating. The aim of this study was to isolate the causative fungal strains and examine their phylogenetic and physiologic characteristics, information of which will contribute to countermeasures for fungal growth on the coating material at Kirishima Shrine. A total of 133 strains isolated from gofun (oyster shell white) and odo (yellow ochre) by using direct inoculation methods were classified into 11 groups. The phylogenetic and physiologic characteristics of representative strains of each group were analyzed. Representative strains of groups A, B and C were closely related to Acremonium alternatum, Eucasphaeria capensis and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, respectively. Representative strains of all groups except for groups C, H and J were capable of hydrolyzing animal glue, which seems to be an important enzymatic activity for physical and chemical deterioration of coating materials with animal glue. On the other hand, groups C and J were able to grow more rapidly on simple glue agar medium than on cornmeal agar medium. These results suggest that groups C and J were also important for the indirect bio-deterioration of the coating materials used at Kirishima Shrine.%本稿では，霧島神宮の渡廊下，登廊下および拝殿で施工された伝統的な胡粉·黄土塗装の部 位で広範囲に渡り微生物汚染が起こったことを受けて，その原因となった微生物と微生物が塗 装部位に与える影響を推察することを目的として調査研究を行った。試料採取時の目視観察と 採取試料の実体顕微鏡観察から，塗装部位の微生物汚染は糸状菌に因るものであり，胡粉試料 では灰色菌糸を有する糸状菌，黄土試料では白色菌糸を有する糸状菌の分布が認められた。