仁王胴具足にみられる桃山文化期の一塗装技術: 一宮市博物館保管仁王胴具足を例として

摘要

桃山文化期の始まりに関連する大きな社会的な事象のーつに，鉄砲伝来がある。この事に端を発し，日本国内では中世以来の弓矢や槍•刀を使用した従来の個人戦法から，鉄砲•大筒などの西洋武器を使用した近世集団戦法に大きく戦術が転換された。このような戦いは，慶長5年（1600).の関ヶ原の戦い，慶長19年（1614)の大坂冬の陣•慶長20年(1615)の大坂夏の陣を経て，最終的には宽永14年（1637)の島原の乱で終結を迎え，以後，幕末まで徳川将軍家を項点とした幕藩体制下の泰平な世の中に至る。%Nio-do style suit of armor was a novel design suit of armor in the Momoyama cultural period (from the end of the 16th to the first half of the 17th century). Characteristics of this suit of armor are the appearance of a naked male body and flesh (skin)-colored coating.The present paper is a report on the observation and analysis of this flesh (skin)-colored coating and makie technique used to make the Nio-do suit of armor owned by Ichinomiya City Museum.Several elemental analyses including those using a microscope, PY-GC/MS and X-ray diffraction pattern, as well as cross-section analysis by observation were conducted on small pieces of coating layers. As a result, it was found that the flesh (skin)- colored coating is a mixture of white lead (2PbC03 • Pb(OH) 2) and vermillion (HgS) to which dried oil was blended. As for the makie ， small gold (Au) grains were used in the technique of hiramakie (Kodatjt makie) with harigaki and kamwari, characteristic of makie of the Momoyama cultural period.In Japan, dried oil paint was first used in the Asuka-Nara period (from the end of the 7th to the first half of the 8th century), but its use was discontinued until the Momoyama cultural period when, according to old documents, oil painting technique was imported from Europe. Then, in the Edo cultural period, dried oil paint such as mitsuda and chang paint appeared.It is assumed that this oil painting material and technique was applied in making the flesh (skin)-colored.coating of the Nio-do style suit of armor and that the makie. technique was one that is characteristic of the Momoyama cultural period.