Wyznaczanie właściwości dynamicznych płaskiego kolektora słonecznego

摘要

W artykule przedstawiono metodykę wyznaczania właściwości dynamicznych płaskiego kolektora słonecznego wg Normy PN-EN 12975-2, którą porównano z metodyką wg automatyki. Zaprezentowano występujące rozbieżności. Zwrócono uwagę na fakt dokonywanych aproksymacji w określaniu właściwości dynamicznych kolektora podczas badań normatywnych.%In order to correctly design a solar installation or a power supply hybrid system based on a solar segment built of flat fluid collectors, it is necessary to know the characteristic of the applied collector efficiency and to determine its dynamic properties.. Exploitation parameters of a flat solar collector and its dynamic proprieties are determined on a basis of normative investigations according to PN - EN 12975-2 [6]. According to that norm, the collector dynamic properties are determined only on the ground of the equivalent time constant obtained from the experimental step characteristic (Fig. 1) and dependence (1). Such a procedure results in obtaining approximation of the collector dynamic properties because of neglecting the time delay and the amplification factor. Figs. 3 and 4 show the experimental step characteristics of the solar collector, basing on which there were determined the collector dynamic properties according to the standard and the classic theory of automatic control. The obtained time constants are similar, whereas the time delay neglected by the standard in the first case (the flow equal to 1.2 dm3/min) (Fig. 3) is equal to 25% of the time constant, which is a large approximation of the collector dynamic properties. The delay time is connected with the flow speed of a medium through the collector and it can be determined form relationship (6) with a good accuracy. Dynamic properties of an existing solar installation can be determined based on the exploitation data with use of the parametric identification method [5].