Although it is possible to use a single aerial and switch it between transmit and receive as you would for simplex operation, using two aerials - one dedicated for RX and the other for TX - does have advantages in that it enables look through on the repeater so you can see your own transmission. This is helpful for optimising transmitter settings. You will need a filter in the RX path to stop cross talk although some amateurs have been able to achieve very acceptable results without. It's all down to transmission power, aerial separation, and receiver selectivity.
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