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Dental health, diet, and social transformations in the Bronze Age: Comparative analysis of pastoral populations in northern Kazakhstan

机译:青铜时代的牙齿健康,饮食和社会转型:哈萨克斯坦北部牧民的比较分析

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Comparative analyses of human health and diet are often undertaken for consecutive periods of time which exhibit different social formations or material culture. The aim of this research was to test the link between social transformations and corollary shifts in health or diet. Therefore, oral health and dietary intake were examined in successive Bronze Age periods in central Eurasia with very different patterns of settlement and scales of interaction. Researchers have posited that these periods are evidence of an economic shift from agro-pastoral to pastoral patterns of subsistence. Populations from two sites in northern Kazakhstan (52°10′N, 64°32′E; 52°32′N, 62°23′E) were investigated in terms of dental caries, calculus, abscesses, ante-mortem tooth loss and periodontal disease. The results of this study indicate that the types of dental pathological conditions present stayed relatively uniform over time, suggesting similarities in dietary intake for populations at the sites of Bestamak (2032-1639 cal BC) and Lisakovsk (1860-1680 cal BC). The dietary intake of these communities is indicative of a noncariogenic diet with a high protein content and lack of carbohydrates. These findings conform to general patterns for pastoral societies and are consistent with stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic data. While they types of pathological conditions were similar, the severity of these lesions decreased in the later period. Comparatively more pronounced frequencies of pathological conditions during the earlier period are attributed to multiple etiologies including different patterns of consumption, dental cleaning behaviors, or stress. While the archaeological record indicates broad shifts in settlement patterns, demography, and mortuary rituals from the Middle to Late Bronze Ages, there was only a slight shift in dental health.
机译:人体健康和饮食习惯的比较分析通常是连续进行的,这些时期表现出不同的社会形态或物质文化。这项研究的目的是检验社会转型与健康或饮食习惯推论之间的联系。因此,在欧亚大陆中部连续青铜时代对口腔健康和饮食摄入量进行了检查,其沉降方式和相互作用程度存在很大差异。研究人员认为,这些时期是经济从农牧业向牧民生存方式转变的证据。从龋齿,牙结石,脓肿,死前牙齿脱落和牙齿脱落等方面调查了哈萨克斯坦北部两个地点(52°10′N,64°32′E; 52°32′N,62°23′E)的种群。牙周疾病。这项研究的结果表明,随着时间的推移,目前牙齿病理状况的类型保持相对一致,这表明在Bestamak(2032-1639 cal BC)和Lisakovsk(1860-1680 cal BC)人群的饮食摄入相似。这些社区的饮食摄入表明非致龋性饮食具有高蛋白质含量和缺乏碳水化合物。这些发现符合牧民社会的一般模式,并且与稳定的碳和氮同位素数据一致。尽管它们的病理状况类型相似,但这些病变的严重程度在后期有所下降。较早时期病理状况的发生频率相对较高,这归因于多种病因,包括不同的消费方式,牙齿清洁行为或压力。虽然考古记录表明,从中世纪到青铜时代,定居方式,人口统计和葬仪式发生了广泛变化,但牙齿健康状况仅发生了微小变化。

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  • 来源
    《Quaternary International》 |2014年第20期|130-146|共17页
  • 作者单位

    University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anthropology, 3302 WWPH, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Human Development in Landscapes, Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Stable Isotope Laboratory, Johanna-Mestorf-Strasse 2-6, 24106 Kiel, Germany, Johanna-Mestorf-Strasse 2-6, 24118 Kiel, Germany;

    Karaganda State University, Saryarka Archaeological Institute, Universitetskaya 28, 100012 Karaganda, Kazakhstan;

    Department of History and Archaeology, Surgut Governmental University, Lenin Prospect 1, 628412 Surgut, Russian Federation;

    Department of History and Archaeology, Surgut Governmental University, Lenin Prospect 1, 628412 Surgut, Russian Federation;

    Kostanay State University, A. Baitursynova Street 47, 110000 Kostanay, Kazakhstan;

    Kostanay State University, A. Baitursynova Street 47, 110000 Kostanay, Kazakhstan;

    Kostanay Regional History Museum, 115 Altynsarina, 110000 Kostanay, Kazakhstan;

    Lisakovsk Museum of the History and Culture of the Upper Tobol Region, Microregion 11, House 11, 111200 Lisakovsk, Kazakhstan;

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  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 03:35:28

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