The Happiness Effect

摘要

The essence of quality is the application of science to business. W. Edwards Deming cited four branches of scientific knowledge essential for leadership, which he called profound knowledge:1. Knowledge of variation.2. Theory of systems.3. Theory of knowledge.4. Psychology.In his later years, Deming was particularly interested in psychology. In many of his four-day seminars-a couple of which I attended-he added an optional evening session on psychology. The session was led by a psychologist, and Deming sat in the audience.Since that time, psychology has changed considerably. First, cognitive psychology supplanted behaviorism as the dominant field in scientific psychology. This was underlined in 2002 when Daniel Kahneman became the first psychologist to win the Nobel Prize (in economics, because there wasn't a prize in psychology) for his work with psychologist Amos Tversky in cognitive psychology.