Thermal liquid heating is a specialized form of process heating that uses the forced circulation of a special liquid heating medium called thermal fluid. In many types of process heating, high-temperature thermal liquid is preferred over high-pressure steam or hot water. Generally, thermal liquid systems can be used at high temperatures without a corresponding high pressure. In the late 1800s, European processors started using packaged thermal fluid systems, but it was not until the early 1950s that this technology became popular in the United States. Because of the many advantages of these systems, they are becoming even more popular today. In addition to Pump selection in a thermal liquid system is based on velocity or flow across the tube surface and the total system head.
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