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How to interpret an ancient landscape

机译:如何解读古代风景

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摘要

Perhaps as a foil to postmodern anthropology and geography, a seemingly increased percentage of publications examining material-grounded human ecological relationships have championed a highly deterministic view of the environment (1, 2). Rather than evolving with newly accessed data and methods for their retrieval, several pioneers of human ecology and their students continue to argue for an altered biophysical environment without assessing the changes, sometimes subtle, in societal structures (3, 4). The article by Fisher et al. (5) in this issue of PNAS takes on that tired perspective of human ecology and implicitly demonstrates the necessity of economy: how humans make a living and structure their activities to achieve that living (6). Although the report focuses on a relatively small ancient west-Mexican society, it sets the stage for deconstructing the determinism of human ecology, the view that human society both impacts and is impacted by the environment based on the same suite of physical forces that dictate changes in the natural world, a biophysical environment less subject to the different socioeconomic and sociopolitical organizational strategies practiced by humans. Although the biophysical environment remains fundamental, it is necessarily contextualized by culture.
机译:也许作为后现代人类学和地理学的绊脚石,研究以物质为基础的人类生态关系的出版物中看似增加的出版物拥护对环境的高度确定性观点(1、2)。几位人类生态学的先驱者和他们的学生们并没有发展新近获取的数据和方法,而是继续主张改变生物物理环境,而没有评估社会结构的变化,有时甚至是微妙的变化(3、4)。 Fisher等人的文章。 (5)在本期《 PNAS》中,我们从疲惫的人类生态学角度出发,隐含地证明了经济的必要性:人类如何谋生并构造其活动以实现这种生活(6)。尽管该报告侧重于一个相对较小的古代西墨西哥社会,但它为解构人类生态学的决定性奠定了基础,即认为人类社会既影响环境又受环境的影响是基于决定变化的同一组物理力。在自然世界中,生物物理环境较少受人类实践的不同社会经济和社会政治组织策略的影响。尽管生物物理环境仍然是基本的,但必须通过文化来适应环境。

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