This chapter recounts efforts to dissect the cellular and circuit basis of a memory system in the primate cortex with the goal of extending the insights gained from the study of normal brain organization in animal models to an understanding of human cognition and related memory dis- orders. Primates and humans have developed an extraordi- nary capacity to process information "on line," a capacity that is widely considered to underlay comprehension, thinking, and so-called executive functions.
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