Regulation of transforming growth factor β- and activin-induced transcription by mammalian Mad proteins

摘要

Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are involved in diverse physiological activities including development, tissue repair, hormone reg- ulation, bone formation, cell growth, and differentiation. At the cellular level, these functions are initiated by the interac- tion of ligands with specific transmembrane receptors with intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity. The signaling path- way that links receptor activation to the transcriptional regulation of the target genes is largely unknown.