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MAPPING LEAF SURFACE LANDSCAPES

机译:映射叶表面​​景观

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Leaf surfaces provide the ecologically relevant landscapes to those organisms that encounter or colonize the leaf surface. Leaf surface topography directly affects microhabitat availability for colonizing microbes, microhabitat quality and acceptability for insects, and the efficacy of agricultural spray applications. Prior detailed mechanistic studies that examined particular fungi-plant and pollinator-plant interactions have demonstrated the importance of plant surface topography or roughness in determining the outcome of the interactions. Until now, however, it has not been possible to measure accurately the topography-i.e., the three-dimensional structure-of such leaf surfaces or to record precise changes in patterns of leaf surface elevation over time. Using contact mode atomic force microscopy, we measured three-dimensional coordinates of upper leaf surfaces of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), a perennial plant, on leaves of two age classes. We then produced topographic maps of these leaf surfaces, which revealed striking differences bet een age classes of leaves: old leaves have much rougher surfaces than those of young leaves. Atomic force microscope measurements were analyzed by lag (1) autocorrelation estimates of leaf surfaces by age class. We suggest that the changes in topography result from removal of epicuticular lipids and that the changes in leaf surface topography influence phylloplane ecology. Visualizing and mapping leaf surfaces permit detailed investigations into leaf surface-mediated phenomena, improving our understanding of phylloplane interactions. [References: 30]
机译:叶片表面为遇到或定殖在叶片表面的那些生物提供了与生态相关的景观。叶表面形貌直接影响微生物栖息地的定居,微生物栖息地的质量和对昆虫的可接受性,以及农业喷雾应用的功效。先前详细的机制研究,研究了特定的真菌-植物和传粉媒介-植物的相互作用,已经证明了植物表面形貌或粗糙度在确定相互作用结果方面的重要性。但是,到目前为止,还不能精确地测量这种叶片表面的形貌,即三维结构,或者记录随着时间​​的推移叶片表面高度的精确变化。使用接触模式原子力显微镜,我们在两个年龄类别的叶子上测量了多年生植物越桔宏果(蔓越莓)的上叶表面的三维坐标。然后,我们绘制了这些叶片表面的地形图,揭示了叶片年龄层之间的显着差异:老叶片的表面比年轻叶片的表面粗糙得多。原子力显微镜测量值通过按年龄分类的叶片表面滞后(1)自相关估计进行分析。我们建议,地形的变化是由表皮脂质的去除引起的,并且叶表面的地形变化会影响叶平面生态。可视化和映射叶表面​​可以对叶表面介导的现象进行详细研究,从而增进我们对叶平面相互作用的理解。 [参考:30]

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