Model vrednotenja kot orodje za obvladovanje kompleksnosti uvajanja globalnih sistemov ERP

摘要

The implementation of complex ERP systems in global business environments requires a sound methodological approach. Companies have been experiencing many project failures in the past, since the projects by far exceeded their time and budget frameworks and/or did not render the expected results. In the article is presented a study of critical success factors (CSFs) which the companies should take into account in every ERP project. Presented are case studies of five anonymous companies belonging to the international corporation. The focus is on the definition of the global efficiency factors or GEFs which allow us to design a global concept of the whole ERP system and are more broadly defined than CSFs. Thus are ensured efficient and productive roll-out implementations in all subsequent companies of the group. Developed was a multi-attribute evaluation model based on these factors which focuses primarily on the content of the system and not that much on the project management CSFs. GEFs namely allow us to efficiently manage the complexity of the ERP implementation projects while the multi-attribute evaluation model makes it possible to evaluate the project in its different project stages, thereby measuring whether the project is on track in terms of its global content design. The results of the evaluation were also analyzed by positioning the five case study projects on the maturity curve for both being implemented with or without the use of GEFs.%Uvajanje kompleksnih celovitih informacijskih re?itev za na?rtovanje virov podjetja - sistemov ERP - v globalnih poslovnih okoljih zahteva primeren metodolo?ki pristop. Mnogo podjetij je v preteklosti izkusilo neuspeh na projektih, ki so presegali ?asovne in finan?ne okvire ali pa rezultati ni?o bili v skladu z zastavljenimi cilji. Pri?ujo?a studija obravnava kriti?ne dejavnike uspeha (KDU), ki bi jih morala podjetja upo?tevati pri uvajanju sistemov ERP. Predstavljene so studije primerov petih anonimnih podjetij, ki pripadajo isti mednarodni korporaciji. Studija se osredoto?a na definicijo u?inkovitih globalnih dejavnikov (UGD), ki omogo?ajo oblikovanje ?ir?e globalne zasnove celotnega sistema ERP in se po tem razlikujejo od omenjenih KDU. Le-ta pa zagotavlja u?inkovito in produktivno izvajanje izvedenih projektov v vseh podjetjih skupine. V sklopu UGD je bil razvit ve?kriterijski model za vrednotenje, ki je usmerjen predvsem v vsebino sistema in ne v KDU projektnega managementa. UGD nam namre? omogo?ajo obvladovanje kompleksnosti projektov uvajanja sistemov ERP, medtem ko nam ve?kriterijski model za vrednotenje dovoljuje ocenjevanje tega projekta v posameznih fazah. S pomo?jo tega modela dejansko lahko merimo, ali se projekt odvija v skladu z globalno zasnovo vsebine.