Situation Awareness in Degraded Visual Environments

摘要

A pilot's vision is key to maintaining overall situation awareness (SA) when piloting a vehicle. Loss of out-the-window cues reduces the operator's innate ability to sense aircraft attitude and makes tasks such as "see-to-follow" and "see-to-avoid" impossible with unaided human vision. Reduced SA can lead to the loss of vehicle, or worse, the loss of many lives. Degraded visual environments (DVE) are described as obscurants that reduce operator visibility, such as smoke, haze, fog, dust, rain, snow, or reduced illumination (night). Vehicle structure that reduces direct external viewing (e.g., embedded cockpits or armored vehicles) represents another form of DVE. Degraded environments also include electromagnetic effects (EME) such as GPS jamming or denial and degraded radio frequency environments (loss of communications). Optical degradation includes the effects of daz-zlers or laser illumination.