Toward a higher standard: the changing organizational context of accountability for educational results

摘要

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the full range of choices that academic institutions presently have for attending to educational results. Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a systematic comparison of the eight models currently available to colleges and universities for attending to educational results, relative to four necessary organizational purposes: individual student improvement, individual student accountability, organizational improvement, and organizational accountability. Findings – This is a time of innovation, not of standardization. As new choices become available, the standard for accountability for educational results continues to rise. Originality/value – The choices, ranging from established practices to expected alternatives to unexpected innovations, differ significantly in their capacities.