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Development and Application of Molecular Tagging Velocimetry for Gas Flows in Thermal Hydraulics

机译:热力水力中气体流动分子标记测速技术的发展与应用

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Molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) is a nonintrusive velocimetry technique based on laser spectroscopy. It is particularly effective in challenging gas flow conditions encountered in thermal hydraulics where particle-based methods such as particle image (or tracking) velocimetry do not perform well. The main principles for designing and operating this diagnostic are presented as well as a set of gases that have been identified as potential seeds. Two gases [H2O and nitrous oxide (N2O)] have been characterized extensively for thermodynamic conditions ranging from standard temperature and pressure to environments encountered in integral effects test (IET) facilities for high-temperature gas reactors. A flexible, modular, and transportable laser system has been designed and demonstrated with H2O and N2O seed gases. The laser system enables determining the optimum excitation wavelength, tracer concentration, and timing parameters. Velocity precision and thermodynamic domain of applicability are discussed for both tracers. The spectroscopic nature of the diagnostics enables one to perform first-principle uncertainty analysis, which makes it attractive for validating numerical models.Molecular tagging velocimetry is demonstrated for two flows. First, in blowdown tests with H2O seed, the unique laser system enables one of the largest dynamic ranges reported to date for velocimetry: 5000:1 (74 dB). N2O-MTV is then deployed in situ in an IET facility, i.e., the High-Temperature Test Facility at Oregon State University, during a depressurized conduction cooldown (DCC) event. Data enable researchers to gain insights into flow instabilities present during DCC. Thus, MTV shows a strong potential to gain a fundamental understanding of gas flows in nuclear thermal hydraulics and to provide validation data for numerical solvers.
机译:分子标记测速技术(MTV)是基于激光光谱技术的非介入测速技术。它在挑战热力水力系统中遇到的气体流动条件时特别有效,在这种情况下,基于粒子的方法(例如粒子图像(或跟踪)测速仪)表现不佳。介绍了设计和运行此诊断程序的主要原理,以及已被确定为潜在种子的一组气体。两种气体[H2O和一氧化二氮(N2O)]已针对热力学条件进行了广泛的表征,从标准温度和压力到高温气体反应器的整体效应测试(IET)设施所遇到的环境,均在此范围内。使用H2O和N2O种子气体设计并演示了一种灵活,模块化且可运输的激光系统。激光系统可以确定最佳激发波长,示踪剂浓度和定时参数。讨论了两种示踪剂的速度精度和热力学适用范围。诊断的光谱性质使人们能够执行第一性原理不确定性分析,这使其对于验证数值模型具有吸引力。分子标记测速仪针对两种流动进行了演示。首先,在使用H2O种子进行的排污测试中,独特的激光系统使测速仪达到了迄今为​​止报道的最大动态范围之一:5000:1(74 dB)。然后,在降压传导冷却(DCC)事件期间,将N2O-MTV现场部署在IET设施中,即俄勒冈州立大学的高温测试设施中。数据使研究人员能够深入了解DCC期间存在的流动不稳定性。因此,MTV具有强大的潜力,可以对核热液压中的气流有基本的了解,并可以为数值求解器提供验证数据。

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