Solid tungsten Divertor-Ⅲ for ASDEX Upgrade and contributions to ITER

摘要

ASDEX Upgrade became a full tungsten experiment in 2007 by coating its graphite plasma facing components with tungsten. In 2013 a redesigned solid tungsten divertor, Div-Ⅲ, was installed and came into operation in 2014. The redesign of the outer divertor geometry provided the opportunity to increase the pumping efficiency in the lower divertor by increasing the gap between divertor and vessel. In parallel, a by-pass was installed into the cryo-pump in the divertor region allowing adapting of the pumping speed to the required edge density. Safe divertor operation and heat removal becomes more and more significant for future fusion devices. This requires developing 'tools' for divertor heat load control and to optimize the divertor design. The new divertor manipulator, DIM-Ⅱ, allows retracting a relevant part of the outer divertor into a target exchange box without venting ASDEX Upgrade. Different front-ends can be installed and exposed to the plasma. At present, front-ends for probe exposition, gas puffing, electrical probes and actively cooled prototype targets are under construction. The installation of solid tungsten, the control of the pumping speed and the flexibility for testing divertor modifications on a weekly base is a unique feature of ASDEX Upgrade and offers together with the extended set of diagnostics the possibility to investigate dedicated questions for a future divertor design.