Deep brain stimulation: Anatomical physiological and computational mechanisms

摘要

Modern understanding of the basal ganglia (BG) dates to the Albin and DeLong model, which proposed a functional relationship between the nuclei of the BG [striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN)] (Albin et al. 1989; Delong 1990). In this model, the BG controls the initiation and execution of motor programs through the interplay of the direct and indirect projection pathways, both of which originate in the striatum (Figure la). According to the model, activation of the direct pathway results in inhibition of pallidal output and consequent disinhibition of thalamocortical projection neurons.