In today's cost- constrained environment, acquisition reform is a critical component in the design, production, and support of modern warships. This reform includes policies that require system acquisition programs to pursue commercial manage- ment and systems engineering practices. The application of Integrated product And Process Development (IPPD), Concurrent engineering, open systems Architecture, Total Quality management (TQM), and Integrated Design Environ- ments (IDE) have produced noteworthy commercial successes.
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