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Self-organized growth of nanostructure arrays on strain-relief patterns

机译:纳米结构阵列在应变消除模式下的自组织生长

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The physical and chemical properties of low-dimensional structures depend on their size and shape, and can be very different from those of bulk matter. If such structures have at least one dimension small enough that quantum-mechanical effects prevail, their behaviour can be particularly interesting. In this way, for example, magnetic nanostructures can be made from materials that are non-magnetic in bulk, catalytic activity can emerge from traditionally inert elements such as gold, and electronic behaviour useful for device technology can be developed. The controlled fabrication of ordered metal and semiconductor nanostructures at surfaces remains, however, a difficult challenge. Here we describe the fabrication of highly ordered, two-dimensional nanostructure arrays through nucleation of deposited metal atoms on substrates with periodic patterns defined by dislocations that form to relieve strain. The strain-relief patterns are created spontaneously when a monolayer or two of one material is deposited on a substrate with a different lattice constant. Dislocations often repel adsorbed atoms diffusing over the surface, and so they can serve as templates for the confined nucleation of nanostructures from adatoms. We use this technique to prepare ordered arrays of silver and iron nanostructures on metal substrates.
机译:低维结构的物理和化学性质取决于它们的大小和形状,并且可能与块状物质有很大不同。如果这种结构的至少一个尺寸足够小以至于量子力学效应占上风,那么它们的行为将特别有趣。以此方式,例如,磁性纳米结构可由块状非磁性材料制成,催化活性可从传统惰性元素(如金)中显现出来,并可开发出可用于器件技术的电子行为。然而,在表面上的有序金属和半导体纳米结构的受控制造仍然是困难的挑战。在这里,我们描述了通过在衬底上沉积金属原子成核而形成的高度有序的二维纳米结构阵列,其周期性图案由位错形成,以减轻应力。当一种材料的单层或两层以不同的晶格常数沉积在基板上时,会自动产生应力消除图案。位错通常会排斥吸附的原子扩散到整个表面,因此它们可以作为模板来限制来自原子的纳米结构的成核。我们使用这种技术在金属基底上制备银和铁纳米结构的有序阵列。

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