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High-resolution mapping of meiotic crossovers and non-crossovers in yeast

机译:酵母中减数分裂交换和非交换的高分辨率作图

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Meiotic recombination has a central role in the evolution of sexually reproducing organisms. The two recombination outcomes, crossover and non-crossover, increase genetic diversity, but have the potential to homogenize alleles by gene conversion. Whereas crossover rates vary considerably across the genome, non-crossovers and gene conversions have only been identified in a handful of loci. To examine recombination genome wide and at high spatial resolution, we generated maps of crossovers, crossover-associated gene conversion and non-crossover gene conversion using dense genetic marker data collected from all four products of fifty-six yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) meioses. Our maps reveal differences in the distributions of crossovers and non-crossovers, showing more regions where either crossovers or non-crossovers are favoured than expected by chance. Furthermore, we detect evidence for interference between crossovers and non-crossovers, a phenomenon previously only known to occur between crossovers. Up to 1% of the genome of each meiotic product is subject to gene conversion in a single meiosis, with detectable bias towards GC nucleotides. To our knowledge the maps represent the first high-resolution, genome-wide characterization of the multiple outcomes of recombination in any organism. In addition, because non-crossover hotspots create holes of reduced linkage within haplotype blocks, our results stress the need to incorporate non-crossovers into genetic linkage analysis.
机译:减数分裂重组在有性繁殖生物的进化中具有核心作用。交叉和非交叉这两个重组结果增加了遗传多样性,但具有通过基因转化使等位基因均质的潜力。尽管跨基因组的交叉率差异很大,但仅在少数基因座中才发现非交叉和基因转化。为了检查重组基因组全基因组和高空间分辨率,我们使用从五十六个酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)meioses的所有四个产品中收集的密集遗传标记数据,生成了交叉,交叉相关基因转化和非交叉基因转化图。我们的地图揭示了分频器和非分频器的分布差异,显示了偏爱跨频或非分频器的地区多于偶然。此外,我们发现了交叉和非交叉之间干扰的证据,这种现象以前仅在交叉之间发生。每个减数分裂产物的基因组中多达1%的基因组会在单次减数分裂中进行基因转换,并且可检测到GC核苷酸的偏向。据我们所知,这些图代表了任何生物体中重组多重结果的第一个高分辨率,全基因组表征。此外,由于非交叉热点在单倍型模块内产生了减少连锁的孔,因此我们的结果强调了将非交叉纳入基因连锁分析的必要性。

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