HIV-1 infects macrophages - immune cells that detect pathogens and mediate innate immunity - but does not evoke an innate immune response. Greg Towers and colleagues show that this ability depends on recruitment to the HIV-1 capsid of specific cofactors that are involved in nuclear entry and targeting. When capsid-cofactor interactions are blocked by virus mutation, cofactor depletion or inhibition of cofactor recruitment, viral DNA can be detected by innate immune sensors.
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