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The infrabuccal pellet piles of fungus-growing ants

机译:真菌生蚂蚁的地下球团

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Fungus-growing ants (Attini) live in an obligate mutualism with the fungi they cultivate for food. Because of the obligate nature of this relationship, the success of the ants is directly dependent on their ability to grow healthy fungus gardens. Attine ants have evolved complex disease management strategies to reduce their garden's exposure to potential parasitic microbes, to prevent the establishment of infection in their gardens, and to remove infected garden sections. The infrabuccal pocket, a filtering device located in the oral cavity of all ants, is an integral part of the mechanisms that leaf-cutter ants use to prevent the invasion and spread of general microbial parasites and the specific fungal-garden parasite Escovopsis. Fungus-growing ants carefully groom their garden, collecting general debris and pathogenic spores of Escovopsis in their infrabuccal pocket, the contents of which are later expelled in dump chambers inside the nest or externally. In this study we examined how a phyloge-netically diverse collection of attine ants treat their infrabuccal pellets. Unlike leaf-cutters that deposit their infrabuccal pellets directly in refuse piles, ants of the more basal attine lineages stack their infrabuccal pellets in piles located close to their gardens, and a separate caste of workers is devoted to the construction, management, and eventual disposal of these piles.
机译:真菌生长的蚂蚁(Attini)与他们为食物而种植的真菌生活在一种专一的共生关系中。由于这种关系的专一性,蚂蚁的成功直接取决于它们生长健康的真菌园的能力。普通蚂蚁已经进化出复杂的疾病管理策略,以减少花园对潜在寄生微生物的暴露,防止花园中感染的建立以及清除感染的花园部分。下颊袋是位于所有蚂蚁口腔中的一种过滤装置,是切叶蚁用来防止普通微生物寄生虫和特定的真菌-花园寄生虫入侵和扩散的机制的组成部分。真菌生长的蚂蚁仔细地修饰了自己的花园,在其颊侧袋中收集了杂食的普通碎屑和致病孢子,随后将其内容物排入巢内或外部的垃圾箱。在这项研究中,我们研究了系统遗传学上不同的attine蚂蚁集合如何处理其颊下颗粒。与切叶刀将其下沉颗粒直接沉积在垃圾堆中不同,基础较底层的血统的蚂蚁将其下沉颗粒堆积在靠近花园的堆中,并且工人的种姓专门用于建筑,管理和最终处置这些堆中。

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