Ppssm: push/pull smooth video streaming multicast protocol design and implementation for an overlay network

摘要

IP multicast is one of the best techniques for video streaming on the Internet. It faces issues with respect to address allocation, routing, authorization, group management, security, and scalability. By default, local Internet Service Providers did not enable IP multicast services, because of the cost incurred in using multicast-enabled routers. To solve these issues some of the IP layer functionalities have been shifted to the Application Layer, thus leading to Application Layer Multicast (ALM) protocols. However, ALM protocols face issues related to synchronous data delivery, scalability, link stress, link stretch and node failures. Some of the existing protocols are CoolStreaming, and mTreebone. A novel ALM protocol based Push/Pull Smooth video Streaming Multicast (PPSSM) protocol is proposed in this paper, to increase the throughput and reduce the packet loss rate. The PPSSM protocol involves three stages, such as tree-mesh construction, dynamic buffer management and network coding techniques. In the tree-mesh construction, a tree consists of stable nodes and a mesh consists of unstable nodes. The proposed PPSSM optimizes the stable nodes in the tree, which minimizes or eliminates the pull operations from the unstable mesh overlay nodes, by exploring the potential of the stable nodes. Dynamic buffer management is achieved by setting the optimal buffer threshold value, using the optimization of the sensitivity parameters, such as packet loss and packet workload/delay by the Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis and Stochastic Approximation algorithms. In addition to the tree-mesh construction and buffer management, the introduction of the network coding technique will enhance the throughput and minimize the packet loss and delay. Finally, the performance of the proposed PPSSM protocol is compared with those of CoolStreaming, and mTreebone, and it shows improvement in respect of throughput, packet loss, and average decoding time.