Family Kungalariidae, n. Fam., new Mesozoic entactinarian Radiolaria with a nassellarian-type initial spicule

摘要

Based on internal structure, a new family of entactinarian radiolarians, the Kungalariidae, is described with three new gener and four species: Kungalaria newcombi, Cachecreekaria californiensis, Transylvanaria devaensis, and T. Hattorii. Members of this family have an eccentric internal, nassellarin-type initial spicule with bar MB, rays A, V, L, I, and spine Ax;a medullary shell built above the plane of lateral rays as in the cephalis of many nassellarians; and a spherical to subspherical cortical shell around the medullary shell. This new family is part of a group of Triassic entactinarians structurally intemediate between Entactinaria, or spicule-bearing Spumellaria, and Nassellaria. The new genera and species described occur in the Rhaetian of Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Aalenian to early-mid Bajocian of central Japan, Cenomanian of California, and Coniacian of Romania.