Expanding thermodynamic perspective for materials in SU(2) EM gauge symmetry state space Part 2 - Magnetoelectrochemical potential energy detector

摘要

In an earlier paper in this Journal, the authors showed with the results of four different target experiments, that material properties are EM gauge symmetry state specific. There, the authors experimentally demonstrated a new procedure, utilising human consciousness, to: lift the EM gauge state of the experimental space from our normal U(1) state where standard thermodynamics and Maxwellian equations of EM apply to a higher SU(2) state where both electrical charges (currents) and magnetic charges (currents) coexist; to tune this SU(2) state experimental space to be responsive to a specific intention for a significant material property change. The companion paper contains two of the three major, new contributions of this series. Here, a specific application of this new perspective is provided to the field of electrochemistry, via pH measurement, both theoretical and experimental in both the authors' normal, U(1) EM gauge state experimental space and the higher SU(2) EM gauge state space where electrochemistry is transformed into magnetoelectrochemistry. The experimental outcome of this section is a viable detector for continuously measuring the thermodynamic departure of the aqueous H+ ion from the U(1) level in units of electron volts as this experimental space is being lifted to the SU(2) level by the authors' new experimental 'source'. Now material scientists have both a 'source' for changing the EM gauge symmetry state from the U(1) level to the SU(2) level and a detector to measure a thermodynamic consequence of that change, or a gauge to control the thermodynamic degree of change.