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The Precautionary Principle: Protecting Against Failures of Scientific Method and Risk Assessment

机译:预防原则:防止科学方法和风险评估的失败

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The precautionary principle has been increasingly incorporated into national and international legislation to protect the environment from anthropogenic impacts. Suggestions for redefinition of the principle have been made (Gray and Bewers, 1996). Adopting these suggestions would entail using a risk-based approach to environmental protection rather than a truly precautionary approach. There remain enormous gaps in our understanding of the identity and of the individual or combined toxicity of chemicals released to the marine environment. This is also true of the actual doses involved in environmental exposures, whereas the most appropriate ways of determining ecosystem impacts have not yet been identified. Classical toxicological assumptions applied to dose-response relationships can no longer be regarded as universally applicable. Ecotoxicology, consequently, contains irresolvable indeterminacies. It is clear, therefore, that the continuing application of the precautionary principle as a paradigm for regulatory action, as a means of recognizing and accounting for limitations to scientific evidence, is an approach that is both scientifically defensible and capable of ensuring a high level of environmental protection.
机译:预防原则已越来越多地纳入国家和国际立法,以保护环境免受人为影响。已经提出了重新定义该原理的建议(Gray and Bewers,1996)。采用这些建议将需要采用基于风险的环境保护方法,而不是真正的预防方法。我们对释放到海洋环境中的化学品的特性以及其个体毒性或综合毒性的理解仍然存在巨大差距。对于暴露于环境中的实际剂量也是如此,但是尚未确定确定生态系统影响的最适当方法。应用于剂量反应关系的经典毒理学假设不再被认为是普遍适用的。因此,生态毒理学包含无法解决的不确定性。因此,很明显,继续采用预防原则作为监管行动的范式,作为认识和解释科学证据局限性的一种手段,是一种科学上可以辩护的方法,并且能够确保高水平的预防性使用。环保。

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