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Stimulus–outcome learnability differentially activates anterior cingulate and hippocampus at feedback processing

机译:刺激-结果学习能力在反馈处理中差异地激活前扣带回和海马

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Memory systems are known to be influenced by feedback and error processing, but it is not well known what aspects of outcome contingencies are related to different memory systems. Here we use the Rescorla–Wagner model to estimate prediction errors in an fMRI study of stimulus–outcome association learning. The conditional probabilities of outcomes for a given stimulus are manipulated so that associations are either learnable or unlearnable (pseudorandom). The delay between stimulus and outcome is jittered so that we can separately compare activity for either stimulus processing or feedback processing. We find that hippocampus and anterior cingulate are differentially active primarily at feedback processing: Learnable associations are correlated with significantly more hippocampal activity and significantly less anterior cingulate activity than unlearnable associations. We also find that positive prediction errors modulate feedback processing in the midbrain for both types of associations. We suggest that learnable associations use more declarative memory, unlearnable associations involve more uncertainty monitoring, and, in both kinds of associations, positive prediction errors provide a reinforcement signal.
机译:众所周知,存储系统会受到反馈和错误处理的影响,但是结果意外事件的哪些方面与不同的存储系统相关,这一点尚不为人所知。在这里,我们使用Rescorla-Wagner模型来估计刺激-结果关联学习的功能磁共振成像研究中的预测误差。对给定刺激的结果的条件概率进行控制,以便关联是可学习的或不可学习的(伪随机)。刺激与结果之间的延迟是抖动的,因此我们可以分别比较刺激处理或反馈处理的活动。我们发现,海马和前扣带回主要在反馈处理中具有不同的活动:可学习的关联比不可学习的关联与海马活动多得多,前扣带回活动少得多。我们还发现,对于两种类型的关联,正预测误差都会调节中脑的反馈处理。我们建议可学习的关联使用更多的声明性记忆,不可学习的关联涉及更多的不确定性监视,并且在这两种关联中,正预测误差可提供增强信号。

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