Constructing the cultural 'other': prejudice and intergroup conflict in university students' discourses about 'the other'

摘要

本文旨在剖析香港的大學學生對於「自我」和「他者」的看法。研究以小組討論形式進行•召集分別來自香港、中國內地和海外國家的大學生,按上述地區分為三組。討論以前，每組學生先把他們對於其餘組別的者法寫在問卷上,然後自由及互相討論有關意見。本文把討論的節錄加以分析，展現小組成員事前寫下的看法，顯然與他們在討諭時表速的氰點有別：他們寫下問卷的「刻板形象」以正面為主，討論時彼此對於「他者」的看法卻以負面居多。本研究發現，三組學生通用不同的話語策略來表達他們對於「他者」的負面看法•同時突顯群組之間的差別和at固我群的正面形象°本文主要以社食心理學的理論為本，分析負面的「刻板形象」或會有礙校園國際化的發展°本文就此建識，大學應更積極地推廣反種族主義的風氣，促進多元文化教育，從而對抗群組彼此偏見和潜在矛盾所帶來的影響。%This article analyses how university students in Hong Kong talk about 'self and 'other'. Three groups of students, Hong Kong Chinese, Mainland Chinese, and Overseas Exchange students, were asked to characterise these three groups in a prediscussion questionnaire, and subsequently discuss freely what they had written. Selected excerpts from these discussions are analysed, and the analyses show that there are significant differences between the written and the oral responses. The pre-discussion stereotypes appear to be predominantly positive, whereas the students jointly construct predominantly negative stereotypes about 'the other' during their discussions. Different discourse strategies are employed by the three groups to discredit 'the other' and, at the same time, enhance intergroup differentiation and a positive ingroup identity. The findings are discussed vis-a-vis predominantly social psychological theories, and the study highlights that the attempt to create more internationalised universities may be jeopardised if negative intergroup stereotypes prevail. The article suggests that universities should take a more proactive role in promoting anti-racist multicultural education to counter intergroup prejudice and potential conflict.