Analysis of spray variations and macroscopic spray characteristics in a gasoline direct-injection engine at different injection timings

摘要

Fuel injection timing for early injection mode at higher loads in a gasoline direct-injection engine is critical for mixture formation, combustion process and emissions. In the present work, the effect of fuel injection timing on cycle-to-cycle spray variations and macroscopic spray characteristics is quantitatively analyzed at wide-open throttle condition with stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. A Mie scattering technique was employed to visualize the liquid phase of the fuel dispersion with early injection timings at 180 degrees before top dead center (BTDC), 210 degrees BTDC and 240 degrees BTDC of compression with fuel pressure of 5MPa. A quantitative analysis using proper orthogonal decomposition revealed that cycle-to-cycle spray variations were not significant. Comparing different injection timings, results, however, showed that spray variations were slightly higher at injection timing of 240 degrees BTDC compared to injection timings at 210 degrees BTDC and 180 degrees BTDC. Concerning macroscopic characteristics, it was found that the spray tip penetration length was longer at 210 degrees BTDC compared to injection timings at 240 degrees BTDC and 180 degrees BTDC. It was also observed that the spray areas were comparable for different injection timings until about 0.9ms after the start of injection, but it was enhanced at later time stamps for injection at 240 degrees BTDC compared to injections at 210 degrees BTDC and 180 degrees BTDC.