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A physical multifield model predicts the development c volume and structure in the human brain

机译:物理多场模型预测人脑的发育c量和结构

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The prenatal development of the human brain is characterized by a rapid increase in brain volume and a development of a highly folded cortex. At the cellular level, these events are enabled by symmetric and asymmetric cell division in the ventricular regions of the brain followed by an outwards cell migration towards the peripheral regions. The role of mechanics during brain development has been suggested and acknowledged in past decades, but remains insufficiently understood. Here we propose a mechanistic model that couples cell division, cell migration, and brain volume growth to accurately model the developing brain between weeks 10 and 29 of gestation. Our model accurately predicts a 160-fold volume increase from 1.5 cm3at week 10 to 235 cm3at week 29 of gestation. In agreement with human brain development, the cortex begins to form around week 22 and accounts for about 30% of the total brain volume at week 29. Our results show that cell division and coupling between cell density and volume growth are essential to accurately model brain volume development, whereas cell migration and diffusion contribute mainly to the development of the cortex. We demonstrate that complex folding patterns, including sinusoidal folds and creases, emerge naturally as the cortex develops, even for low stiffness contrasts between the cortex and subcortex.
机译:人脑的产前发育的特征是大脑体积迅速增加和皮质高度折叠。在细胞水平上,这些事件是通过大脑脑室区域中对称和不对称的细胞分裂,然后向外围区域向外迁移而实现的。在过去的几十年中,已经提出并认可了力学在大脑发育过程中的作用,但仍缺乏足够的了解。在这里,我们提出了一种机制模型,该模型结合细胞分裂,细胞迁移和大脑体积增长,以精确地模拟妊娠第10至29周之间发育中的大脑。我们的模型准确地预测了妊娠10周时的1.5 cm3到妊娠29周时的235 cm3的增加160倍。与人类大脑的发育一致,皮质在第22周左右开始形成,并在第29周约占大脑总体积的30%。我们的结果表明,细胞分裂以及细胞密度与体积增长之间的耦合对于准确地建模大脑至关重要体积发展,而细胞迁移和扩散主要促进皮质的发展。我们证明了复杂的折叠模式,包括正弦褶皱和折痕,随着皮质的发展而自然地出现,即使对于皮质和皮层下的低刚度对比也是如此。

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