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Stage-based tourism models and resident attitudes towards tourism in an emerging destination in the developing world

机译:基于阶段的旅游模型和居民对发展中国家新兴目的地旅游的态度

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Many researchers have used stage-based and life cycle models to describe destination development and local residents' changing reactions to tourism. Typically, they report that resident attitudes towards tourism, and its perceived outcomes for host populations, worsen with increasing experience and involvement in tourism. However, stage-based models traditionally focus on mature destinations in developed countries. In contrast, scholarship on ecotourism derives largely from developing countries and suggests that increased participation leads to more favourable outcomes and attitudes towards tourism. This paper breaks new ground by exploring attitudes to tourism in an emerging destination in a developing country and linking that exploration to a revised stage-based model. It uses ethnographic data to evaluate responses to recent tourism development in Nicaragua. While findings are complex and do not support a linear relationship between the level of experience in tourism and the attitudes of local residents, they do indicate a relationship between these two theoretical perspectives that can be used to inform one another. Notably, workers in tourism are more critical of the tourism industry than residents are. Important amendments to stage-based models are suggested that will assist tourism planners with the creation of more sustainable, community-centred development.
机译:许多研究人员已经使用基于阶段和生命周期的模型来描述目的地的发展以及当地居民对旅游业的变化反应。通常,他们报告说,居民对旅游业的态度及其对接待人口的感知结果会随着经验的增加和对旅游业的参与而恶化。但是,基于阶段的模型传统上将重点放在发达国家的成熟目的地。相反,关于生态旅游的奖学金主要来自发展中国家,这表明增加的参与可以带来对旅游业更有利的结果和态度。本文通过探索发展中国家新兴目的地对旅游业的态度并将这种探索与基于阶段的修订模型联系起来,从而开拓了新的领域。它使用人种学数据来评估对尼加拉瓜近期旅游业发展的反应。尽管研究结果很复杂,并不支持旅游业的经验水平与当地居民的态度之间存在线性关系,但确实表明了这两种理论观点之间的关系,可以相互借鉴。值得注意的是,与居民相比,从事旅游业的工人对旅游业的批评更为严格。建议对基于阶段的模型进行重要修改,以帮助旅游规划者创建更可持续的,以社区为中心的发展。

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