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Nature-based tourism's impact on environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior: a review and analysis of the literature and potential future research

机译:基于自然的旅游对环境知识,态度和行为的影响:文献和潜在的未来研究的回顾和分析

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Although nature-based tourism is often promoted as benefiting local destinations through income generation, employment, and direct conservation support, it is also believed to influence tourists' environmentally friendly attitudes, knowledge, and ultimately their behavior. Yet, few studies have empirically documented these outcomes, and those that do are inconsistent in the variables measured and the time frame analyzed. This paper examines the empirical research on nature-based tourism's ability to foster long-term stewardship behavior among travelers by conducting a systematic review of peer-reviewed tourism research published between 1995 and 2013. This search, focused on literature addressing changes in tourists' environmentally related knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and actual behaviors, yielded just 30 empirical studies. Outcomes related to new environmental knowledge were commonly reported in these studies, but findings related to environmental attitudes and behaviors were inconsistent. Few studies measured environmental behavior directly, and fewer still include longitudinal assessments of persistent changes in attitudes or behaviors. We suggest potential future areas for research as well as programmatic strategies that may facilitate favorable outcomes from nature-based tourism, particularly those related to tourists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Key areas include understanding visitors' prior experiences and background, designing and delivering more effective interpretive messages, and using social media.
机译:尽管基于自然的旅游业通常被认为是通过创收,就业和直接的养护手段使当地目的地受益,但人们也认为这会影响游客的环保态度,知识,最终影响他们的行为。然而,很少有研究凭经验记录这些结果,而那些结果在所测量的变量和分析的时间框架上是不一致的。本文通过对1995年至2013年间发表的同行评审旅游研究进行系统回顾,考察了基于自然的旅游在旅行者中促进长期管理行为能力的实证研究。该研究的重点是解决游客环境变化的文献。相关的知识,态度,意图和实际行为,仅产生了30项实证研究。这些研究中普遍报道了与新的环境知识有关的结果,但与环境态度和行为有关的发现却不一致。很少有研究直接测量环境行为,很少有研究包括对态度或行为持续变化的纵向评估。我们建议未来可能进行研究的领域以及计划策略,这些策略可能有助于基于自然的旅游,尤其是与游客的知识,态度和行为有关的有利结果。关键领域包括了解访问者的先前经验和背景,设计和传递更有效的解释性信息以及使用社交媒体。

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