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The economics of yield-driven processes

机译:产量驱动流程的经济学

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The economic performance of many modern production processes is substantially influenced by process yields. Their first effect is on product cost - in some cases, low-yields can cause costs to double or worse. Yet measuring only costs can substantially underestimate the importance of yield improvement. We show that yields are especially important in periods of constrained capacity, such as new product ramp-up. Our analysis is illustrated with numerical examples taken from hard disk drive manufacturing. A three percentage point increase in yields can be worth about 6/100 of gross revenue and 17/100 of contribution. In fact, an eight percentage point improvement in process yields can outweigh a US$20/h increase in direct labor wages. Therefore, yields in addition to or instead of labor costs, should be a focus of attention when making decisions such as new factory siting and type of automation. The paper also provides rules for when to rework, and shows that cost minimization logic can again give wrong answers.
机译:许多现代生产工艺的经济绩效在很大程度上受工艺产量的影响。他们的第一个影响是产品成本-在某些情况下,低产量可能导致成本翻倍甚至更差。然而,仅衡量成本可能会大大低估提高产量的重要性。我们表明,在产能受限的时期,例如新产品的增加,产量尤其重要。我们的分析通过硬盘驱动器制造中的数值示例进行说明。收益率提高三个百分点,就可以相当于总收入的6/100和贡献的17/100。实际上,流程产量提高8个百分点,就可以超过每小时20美元的直接人工工资。因此,在决定诸如新工厂选址和自动化类型之类的决策时,除人工成本外或代替人工成本的收益应成为关注的焦点。本文还提供了何时进行返工的规则,并表明成本最小化逻辑可以再次给出错误的答案。

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