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Curiosity and context revisited: crassulacean acid metabolism in the Anthropocene

机译:好奇与情境再探:人类世中的十字花兰酸代谢

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Having gained some understanding of the consequences of the CO2-concentrating mechanisms in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) that internalize the photosynthetic environment of the Cretaceous on a daily basis, it may be time to consider potential long-term effects of the planetary CO2-concentrating mechanism on growth and ecology of these plants in the Anthropocene. This paper emphasizes our limited understanding of the carbohydrate economy of CAM in relation to growth processes and briefly reviews recent studies of the diel cycles of growth in these plants. An inadvertent long-term, regional-scale experiment from the past is revisited in which an Opuntia monoculture grew to occupy 25 million hectares of farmland in central eastern Australia, producing a total biomass of about 1.5 billion tonnes in about 80 years. Although at the time it does not seem to have been recognized that this invasion involved CAM, a botanist from the University of Melbourne, Jean White-Haney emerges as a heroic pioneer in the control of the invader by poison and pioneered its biological control. The Opuntia population was expanding at 10–100 ha h−1 when it was brought to a halt within a decade by the voracious appetite of Cactoblastis cactorum larvae. It is now known that the female parent moth of this predator detects CAM in O. stricta prior to oviposition by deploying the most sensitive CO2 detector system yet found in the Lepidoptera. The O. stricta invasion is a dramatic demonstration of the capacity of CAM plants to attain and sustain high biomass; to sequester and retain atmospheric CO2. In conclusion, experiments are reviewed that show stimulation of CO2 assimilation, growth, and biomass of CAM plants by elevated atmospheric [CO2], and the proposition that these plants may have a role in atmospheric CO2 sequestration is re-examined. This role may be compromised by predators such as Cactoblastis. However the moth CO2 sensors are adapted to pre-industrial atmospheric [CO2] and FACE (free-air CO2 enrichment) experiments show this exquisite system of biological control is also compromised by rising global [CO2] in the Anthropocene.
机译:在了解了每天都会使白垩纪光合环境内在化的颅骨酸代谢过程中CO 2 富集机制的后果后,也许是时候考虑潜在的长期CO 2 集中行星机制对这些植物在人类世的生长和生态的长期影响。本文强调了我们对CAM与​​生长过程有关的碳水化合物经济的有限理解,并简要回顾了有关这些植物生长的diel循环的最新研究。重新审视了过去的一项无意的长期区域性试验,该试验表明,仙人掌单一种植在澳大利亚中部东部地区的耕地面积超过2500万公顷,在大约80年的时间里产生了约15亿吨的生物量。尽管当时似乎还没有意识到这次入侵涉及墨尔本大学的植物学家CAM,但让·怀特·汉尼却成为了用毒物控制入侵者的英雄先驱,并开创了其生物学控制的先河。在十年之内,仙人掌仙人掌幼虫的旺盛食欲使该地区的仙人掌种群数量减少了10-100公顷hsups-1。现已知道,这种捕食者的雌性蛾通过部署在鳞翅目中发现的最灵敏的CO 2 检测器系统,在产卵前检测到了严格的O.stricta中的CAM。严格的O.stricta入侵是CAM植物获得和维持高生物量的能力的生动证明。隔离并保留大气中的CO 2 。总之,综述了一些实验,这些实验表明大气[CO 2 ]升高对CAM植物的CO 2 同化,生长和生物量的刺激作用,并提出了这些植物可能对植物生长的建议。在大气中CO 2 的隔离中起重要作用捕食者(如破囊细胞)可能会削弱这一作用。然而,飞蛾CO 2 传感器适用于工业化前的大气[CO 2 ]和FACE(自由空气CO 2 富集)实验表明这种精致的生物控制系统还受到人类世间全球[CO 2 ]上升的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Experimental Botany》 |2008年第7期|p.1489-1502|共14页
  • 作者单位

    1School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia 2School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia 3Visual Sciences Research Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;

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  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 01:22:20

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