首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes >Distribution, fate and formation of non-extractable residues of a nonylphenol isomer in soil with special emphasis on soil derived organo-clay complexes
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Distribution, fate and formation of non-extractable residues of a nonylphenol isomer in soil with special emphasis on soil derived organo-clay complexes

机译:壬基酚异构体在土壤中的分布,结局和不可提取残基的形成,特别着重于土壤衍生的有机粘土复合物

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Anthropogenic contaminants like nonylphenols (NP) are added to soil, for instance if sewage-sludge is used as fertilizer in agriculture. A commercial mixture of NP consists of more than 20 isomers. For our study, we used one of the predominate isomers of NP mixtures, 4-(3,5-dimethylhept-3-yl)phenol, as a representative compound. The aim was to investigate the fate and distribution of the isomer within soil and soil derived organo-clay complexes. Therefore, 14C- and 13C-labeled NP was added to soil samples and incubated up to 180 days. Mineralization was measured and soil samples were fractionated into sand, silt and clay; the clay fraction was further separated in humic acids, fulvic acids and humin. The organo-clay complexes pre-incubated for 90 or 180 days were re-incubated with fresh soil for 180 days, to study the potential of re-mobilization of incorporated residues. The predominate incorporation sites of the nonylphenol isomer in soil were the organo-clay complexes. After 180 days of incubation, 22 % of the applied 14C was mineralized. The bioavailable, water extractable portion was low (9 % of applied 14C) and remained constant during the entire incubation period, which could be explained by an incorporation/release equilibrium. Separation of organo-clay complexes, after extraction with solvents to release weakly incorporated, bioaccessible portions, showed that non-extractable residues (NER) were preferentially located in the humic acid fraction, which was regarded as an effect of the chemical composition of this fraction. Generally, 27 % of applied 14C was incorporated into organo-clay complexes as NER, whereas 9 % of applied 14C was bioaccessible after 180 days of incubation. The re-mobilization experiments showed on the one hand, a decrease of the bioavailability of the nonylphenol residues due to stronger incorporation, when the pre-incubation period was increased from 90 to 180 days. On the other hand, a shift of these residues from the clay fraction to other soil fractions was observed, implying a dynamic behavior of incorporated residues, which may result in bioaccessibility of the NER of nonylphenol.
机译:例如,如果将污水污泥用作农业肥料,则会将人为污染的物质(例如壬基酚(NP))添加到土壤中。 NP的商业混合物包含20多种异构体。在我们的研究中,我们使用了NP混合物的一种主要异构体4-(3,5-二甲基庚-3-基)苯酚作为代表化合物。目的是研究异构体在土壤和土壤衍生的有机粘土复合物中的命运和分布。因此,将 14 C-和 13 C标记的NP添加到土壤样品中,并孵育180天。测量矿化度,并将土壤样品分为沙子,粉砂和粘土。将粘土级分进一步分离为腐殖酸,黄腐酸和腐殖质。将预温育90或180天的有机粘土复合物与新鲜土壤再温育180天,以研究重新移动掺入残基的潜力。壬基酚异构体在土壤中的主要结合位点是有机粘土复合物。孵育180天后,施用的 14 C中有22%被矿化。生物利用度,水可提取部分较低(9%的施加的 14 C),并且在整个孵育期间保持恒定,这可以通过掺入/释放平衡来解释。分离有机粘土配合物后,用溶剂萃取以释放弱结合的生物可及部分,结果表明不可萃取残基(NER)优先位于腐殖酸级分中,这被认为是该级分化学组成的影响。通常,将27%的 14 C作为NER掺入有机粘土复合物中,而9%的 14 C在孵育180天后可生物利用。一方面,重新孵育实验表明,当预孵育时间从90天增加到180天时,壬基酚残基的生物利用度由于掺入更强而降低。另一方面,观察到这些残留物从粘土部分转移到其他土壤部分,这意味着掺入的残留物具有动态行为,这可能导致壬基酚NER的生物可及性。

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    Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;

    Institute of Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 00:57:57

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