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Present and future potential of krypton-85 for the detection of clandestine reprocessing plants for treaty verification

机译:rypto 85在检测秘密后处理工厂以进行条约核查中的当前和未来潜力

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Burnup calculations are applied to determine the amount of krypton-85 that is produced during the irradiation of nuclear fuel. Since krypton-85 is most likely released into the atmosphere during reprocessing to separate plutonium, atmospheric transport modeling is used to calculate the worldwide distribution of krypton-85 concentrations stemming from emissions from declared reprocessing plants. The results are the basis for scenarios in which emissions from clandestine reprocessing facilities have to be detected against various background levels. It is concluded that today's background imposes heavily on the ability to detect small and medium plutonium separation rates; only high separation rates of 1 SQ per week and higher have a chance to be detected with feasible outlay. A fixed network of monitoring stations seems too costly; instead the high number of samples that are required rather calls for mobile sampling procedures, where air samples are collected at random locations over the world and are analyzed in regional laboratories for their krypton-85 concentration. Further, it is argued that krypton-85 emissions from declared reprocessing activities have to be significantly lowered to enable a worldwide verification of the absence of even smaller clandestine reprocessing. For each scenario the number of samples that have to be taken for probable detection is calculated. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:应用燃耗计算来确定在核燃料辐照过程中产生的k 85的量。由于85 85很有可能在后处理过程中释放到大气中以分离出,,因此采用大气迁移模型来计算由宣布的后处理厂排放的stem 85浓度在全球范围内的分布。该结果是需要在各种背景水平下检测秘密后处理设施排放的方案的基础。结论是,当今的背景严重影响了检测中小separation分离率的能力。只有每周1 SQ或更高的高分离率才有机会以可行的费用进行检测。固定的监测站网络似乎太昂贵了;取而代之的是需要大量的样本,而是要求进行移动采样程序,在该程序中,在世界各地的随机位置收集空气样本,并在区域实验室中分析其85 85浓度。此外,有人认为必须大幅降低已宣布的后处理活动产生的k85排放量,以便能够在全世界范围内验证甚至没有更小的秘密后处理。对于每种情况,计算可能需要检测的样本数量。 (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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