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Measurement of tritium in the Sava and Danube Rivers

机译:萨瓦河和多瑙河中of的测量

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摘要

Two nuclear power plants (NPP), the KrskoNPP (Slovenia) on the Sava River and the Paks NPP (Hungary) on the Danube River, are located in the immediate vicinity of Croatia and Serbia. Some of the radioactivity monitoring around the NPPs involves measuring tritium activity in the waters of rivers and wells. The authors present the tritium measurement results taken over several years from the Sava and Danube Rivers, and groundwater. The measurements were carried out in two laboratories including an impact assessment of the tritium released into the rivers and groundwater. The routine methods for determining tritium (with/without electrolytic enrichment) were tested in two laboratories using two different instruments, a Tri-Carb 3180 and Quantulus 1220. Detection limits for routine measurements were calculated in compliance with ISO 11929 and Currie relations, and subsequently the results were compared with those determined experimentally. This has shown that tritium can be reliably determined within a reasonable period of time when its activity is close to the calculated detection limit. The Krsko NPP discharged 62 TBq of tritium into the River Sava over a period of 6 years (23% of permitted activity, 45 TBq per year). The natural level of tritium in the Sava River and groundwater is 0.3-1 Bq/l and increases when discharges exceed 1 TBq per month. Usually, the average monthly activity in the Sava River and groundwater is maintained at a natural level. The maximum measured activity was 16 Bq/l in the Sava River and 9.5 Bq/I in groundwater directly linked to the river. In the majority of water samples from the Danube River, measured tritium activity ranged between 1 and 2 Bq/1. The increased tritium levels in the Danube River are more evident than in the Sava River because tritium activity above 1.5 Bq/1 appears more frequently on the Danube River. All measured values were far below the allowed tritium limit in drinking water. Dose assessment has shown that tritium released from NPPs contributes negligibly to annual doses in comparison to natural sources. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:萨瓦河上的KrskoNPP(斯洛文尼亚)和多瑙河上的Paks NPP(匈牙利)两个核电厂位于克罗地亚和塞尔维亚的附近。核电厂周围的一些放射性监测涉及测量河流和井水中的activity活度。作者介绍了萨瓦河,多瑙河和地下水中over的测量结果。测量是在两个实验室中进行的,包括对释放到河流和地下水中的t的影响评估。在两个实验室中,使用Tri-Carb 3180和Quantulus 1220这两种不同的仪器测试了测定((有/无电解富集)的常规方法。按照ISO 11929和Currie关系计算了常规检测的检出限,随后将结果与实验确定的结果进行比较。这表明当when的活性接近计算出的检测极限时,可以在合理的时间内可靠地确定tri。 Krsko NPP在6年内向萨瓦河排放了62 TBq的((允许活动的23%,每年45 TBq)。萨瓦河和地下水中of的自然含量为0.3-1 Bq / l,当排放量超过每月1 TBq时,increases的自然含量会增加。通常,萨瓦河和地下水的月平均活动量保持在自然水平。在萨瓦河中测得的最大活度为16 Bq / l,在与河直接相连的地下水中为9.5 Bq / l。在多瑙河的大多数水样中,测得的activity活度在1和2 Bq / 1之间。与萨瓦河相比,多瑙河中tri含量的增加更为明显,因为在多瑙河上出现的1.5 Bq / 1以上的tri活动更为频繁。所有测量值均远低于饮用水中允许的limit极限。剂量评估表明,与天然来源相比,从核电厂释放的released对年度剂量的贡献微不足道。 (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Journal of Environmental Radioactivity》 |2016年第10期|56-67|共12页
  • 作者单位

    Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Lab Radioecol, Bijenicka C 54, Zagreb, Croatia;

    Nucl Power Plant Krsko, Krshko, Slovenia;

    Univ Novi Sad, Fac Tech Sci, Novi Sad, Serbia;

    Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Lab Radioecol, Bijenicka C 54, Zagreb, Croatia;

    Univ Novi Sad, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Novi Sad, Serbia;

    Univ Novi Sad, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Novi Sad, Serbia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Tritium; Rivers; Nuclear power plant; Dose;

    机译:t;河流;核电站;剂量;
  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 13:35:13

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